list of canada prime minister

Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Hon. William Lyon Mackenzie King, P.C., O.M., C.M.G. [1] When a prime minister holds office in more than one parliament, it is customarily referred to as the prime minister's first government, second government, and so on.[8]. Bennett in the 1930 general election and resigned as prime minister. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Forty-First Parliament. John A. Macdonald, prime minister for almost as long as King and during Canada’s precarious first years, falls from second to third place in the rankings. Normally, this is the leader of the party caucus with the greatest number of seats in the house. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – BOWELL, The Hon. His second government, elected in 1872, was cut short by the Pacific Scandal. Meighen served two short non-consecutive terms, in 1920-1921 and 1926. Prime Ministers John Turner (1984) and Kim Campbell (1993) both assumed power in the latter stages of a government’s term only to lose the ensuing election. Tupper, with the support of the Cabinet, was appointed prime minister by the Governor General, the Earl of Aberdeen. Beginner’s Guide To Memorizing Any List . The prime ministership is part of Canada's constitutional convention tradition. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. Bowell served one short term of just over a year. 1891[38]. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Twelfth Parliament. All others have resigned, either after losing an election or upon retirement. Library and Archives Canada: The Right Honourable A. Kim Campbell - Biography. For the purposes of this table, when a prime minister takes office by succeeding to the party leadership, the time before and after the prime minister's first election is treated as one government. He defeated Prime Minister King in the, Pearson served for one term, with two minority governments. Trudeau set a precedent of overspending, and it has gotten us to where we are today, living lavishly above our means, and leaving it to our future generations to pay for it. For information on earlier leaders of Canada before the country had full democratic self-government see the chart of colonial rulers of Canada. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Contact Information – TRUDEAU, The Right Hon. (4 years, 119 days), 1968–1972[44] Under this system, Prime Minister Mackenzie King was Canada's longest-serving prime minister, holding office in three non-consecutive terms for a total of twenty-one years and one hundred fifty-four days. Canadian prime ministers do not have a fixed term of office. Sir Robert Borden became prime minister as part of a nationwide talent search to find the toughest-looking Canadian. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Ninth Parliament. Sir Charles Tupper, P.C., K.C.M.G., G.C.M.G., C.B. This is a chronologically ordered list of the prime ministers, from the earliest to the most recent. The first thing to understand when memorizing the names of the Canadian Prime Ministers is that you’re dealing with a list. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. [1] Nor do they have term limits. [1], The office is not outlined in any of the documents that constitute the written portion of the Constitution of Canada; executive authority is formally vested in the sovereign and exercised on their behalf by the governor general. He resigned as prime minister for the second time.[116]. He was defeated by King, who won a narrow majority government. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Twenty-Ninth Parliament. [49] He was succeeded by John Turner. In the case of Canada, the prime minister can serve until the monarch removes them, they resign, or die. [32], 1878-10-17 to 1891-06-06[4] Turner served one short term as prime minister. [13], Second term: In the first session of the new parliament it became clear that Clark's government was quickly losing popular support. King was able to keep governing with the support of the Progressives until he faced a motion of censure in the Commons in the spring of 1926. 1997–2000[60] 2001–2003[61], First term: Borden was elected in the 1911 general election, defeating Prime Minister Laurier and forming a majority government. Authors Bruce Hutchison and Gordon Donaldson both supported the selection of Macdonald, prime minister from 1867 to 1873, and from 1878 to his death in 1891. Second term: Returned to power after defeating Prime Minister Mackenzie in the election of 1878, Macdonald won four successive majority governments. [3] Since 1920, the outgoing prime minister has only formally resigned when the new government is ready to be formed. [3], .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}  Historical conservative parties/Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (12) 1900–1904[53] Sir Mackenzie Bowell, P.C., K.C.M.G. Alexander, P.C. [78] He was formally re-appointed as prime minister under the new government. Pierre Elliott, P.C., C.C., C.H., Q.C., M.A., LL.L., LL.D., F.R.S.C. [4] Two prime ministers have died in office: Sir John A. Macdonald (1867–1873, 1878–1891), and John Thompson (1892–1894). Macdonald served two non-consecutive terms: from July 1, 1867 to the fall of 1873 (two majority governments), and from 1878 until his death in 1891 (four majority governments). Spending more money than you earn is never a good thing, whether you're a middle class worker or a prime minister. [2] Under this system, Prime Minister Mackenzie King was Canada's longest-serving prime minister, holding office in three non-consecutive terms for a total of twenty-one years and one hundred fifty-four days.[3]. He took office after defeating Prime Minister Martin in the, Mulroney served for one term, winning two majority governments. Officially, the prime minister is appointed by the Governor General of Canada, but by constitutional convention, the prime minister must have the confidence of the elected House of Commons. Sir John A. Macdonald was commissioned by the Viscount Monck on 24 May 1867, to form the first government of the Canadian Confederation. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Sixth Parliament. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Sixteenth Parliament. Joseph Jacques Jean, P.C., C.C., O.M., Q.C., B.A., LL.L., LL.D. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Eleventh Parliament. Library of Parliaent - Parlinfo: Twentieth Parliament. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – MACDONALD, The Right Hon. The prime minister originates most of the bills sent to parliament and plays an important role in the leadership of The Canadian Armed Forces. Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien, P.C., Q.C., C.C., O.M. Prime Minister Bowell resigned after a cabinet revolt over his handling of the Manitoba Schools Question. In 2007, Parliament passed a statute to provide for fixed election dates every four years, but the statute does not affect the Governor General's discretionary power to dissolve Parliament: Jim Sheppard and Matt Lundy, "Trudeau wins majority, Harper steps down,". Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – BORDEN, The Right Hon. In those cases, the time before and after the election is counted as one government for the purposes of this table. Sir Robert Laird, P.C., G.C.M.G., K.C., D.C.L., LL.D. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – TRUDEAU, The Right Hon. $10 Canadian Dollars - Sir John A. MacDonald, Prime Minister (Canada's First PM) $20 Canadian Dollars - Queen Elizabeth II . Arthur Meighen, P.C., Q.C. Trudeau resigned the leadership of the Liberal Party and announced his retirement from politics, staying on as interim leader until the Liberals elected a new party leader. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – CLARK, The Right Hon. [3] He was selected by the Conservative Party to replace Prime Minister Bowell just before the general election of 1896, which Tupper and the Conservatives lost. Steve Paikin, "They still gather to honour John Turner". 1935–1940[22] He won a minority government in the 1925 election, but that government was cut short by the King-Byng Affair. The prime minister of Canada is an official who serves as the primary minister of the Crown, chair of the Cabinet, and thus head of government of Canada. Tupper was the fourth and last prime minister to lead the Conservative government after Macdonald's death in 1891. For more information on an individual prime minister, including their electoral history and parliamentary roles, click on their name to view their complete profile. Click on each prime minister below to read a short biography. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Twenty-First Parliament. He had lost his own seat, but was elected in a by-election and returned to Parliament in January 1922. 1945–1948[26], First term: King began his first term after winning a narrow majority government in the election of 1921, defeating Prime Minister Meighen. Canada now has a crippling 1.2 trillion dollar debt, which we will never pay off. All prime ministers have had one of English or French as their mother tongue with the possible exceptions of Sir John A. Macdonald and Alexander Mackenzie , who may have spoken Scottish Gaelic or Lowland Scots as their first language. Clark and the Progressive Conservatives defeated Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and the Liberals in the, Campbell served one short term in 1993. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Hon. Justin Trudeau, P.C. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Twenty-Third Parliament. The prime minister's term begins upon appointment by the Governor General of Canada, usually after winning a general election, but sometimes after succeeding an outgoing prime minister of the same party. [6][7] A prime minister takes office after winning an election, and resigns after losing an election, but the term in office does not match up directly to the term of the Parliament. Laurier refused, but a large number of Liberals joined Borden, who formed a Unionist government. 1st. After Thompson's sudden death in office in late 1894, Bowell was appointed prime minister by the Governor General, the Earl of Aberdeen. As of January 2021, there are six living former prime ministers of Canada, the oldest being Jean Chretien (born 1934; served 1993–2003). The living former prime ministers, in order of service, are: Links related to List of prime ministers of Canada, Historical rankings of prime ministers of Canada, List of prime ministers of Canada by time in office, Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs and Youth, Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, 2020 Canadian pipeline and railway protests, Lifespan timeline of prime ministers of Canada, List of Joint Premiers of the Province of Canada, List of Canadian Leaders of the Opposition, "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation", "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation: Life of a Ministry", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – MACKENZIE, The Hon. After Brian Mulroney announced his resignation, Campbell won the leadership of the Progressive Conservative party. Sir John Alexander Macdonald (1867–73; 1st time) Alexander Mackenzie (1873–78) Canada has had 23 prime ministers since the country's conception in the year 1867. On 1 July 1867, the first ministry assumed office.[2]. [31] He was succeeded by Louis St. He served as Leader of the Opposition for the next four years. It includes all prime ministers since then, up to the current prime minister, Justin Trudeau, the twenty-third person to hold the office, since November 4, 2015. Here is a list of all the past and present Prime Ministers of Canada: Prime Ministers of Canada. Sir Wilfrid, P.C., G.C.M.G., K.C., B.C.L., D.C.L., LL.D., Litt.D. St. Laurent served for one term, with two majority governments. List of Prime Ministers of Canada - WorldAtlas Abbott served one short term of just over a year. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Second Parliament. We've listed the key differences between the two, and included a chart for quick reference. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Fortieth Parliament. Stephen, P.C., B.A., M.A. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Fourteenth Parliament.   Conservative Party of Canada (1), 1926-09-25 to 1930-08-06[20] Following Macdonald's death in the spring of 1891, Abbott was appointed prime minister by the Governor General. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – KING, The Right Hon. 1974–1979[45] A. Kim Campbell, P.C., Q.C., C.C. Arthur, P.C., Q.C., B.A., LL.D. Cartoonists in the modern era will sometimes include in their work a caricature of Sir John A. Macdonald (prime minister 1867-73, 1878-91) – even today our most recognizable prime minister – in order to make parallel points with contemporary events. All Canadian prime ministers have spoken either French or English, some both, but only a few were fluently bilingual, and few have spoken any other language. The prime minister of Canada heads the … Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Thirtieth Parliament. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: First Parliament. First term: The Governor-General, Viscount Monck, appointed Macdonald the first prime minister of Canada on July 1, 1867[39] prior to the first general election, which Macdonald won. 1878–1882[35] Mackenzie served one term, over two parliaments. The shortest minority government, Prime Minister Meighen's second government, lasted just under three months. Stephen Harper, P.C. Sir John Alexander Macdonald, P.C., Q.C., G.C.B., K.C.B. When it became apparent that he had lost the confidence of the Commons in the fall of 1873, Macdonald resigned as prime minister, remaining party leader and becoming Leader of the Opposition. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Twenty-Fifth Parliament. [50], 1896–1900[52] Louis Stephen St-Laurent, P.C., Q.C., C.C. [9] Prime Ministers John Turner[10] and Kim Campbell[11] both served short terms for similar reasons. Borden served two consecutive terms, the only prime minister to do so, as a war-time measure. Stephen Harper/Flickr. Lester Bowles Pearson, P.C., C.C., O.M., O.B.E. The new prime minister may continue to govern in the parliament called by the previous prime minister, but normally calls an election within a few months. Governor General Byng then appointed Meighen as Prime Minister, but Meighen's government fell within four days, defeated in Parliament.
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